A literature review on the main environmental challenges in the Baltic Sea region in the 21st century
By Sergei Gladkov and Léo Pignol
The objective of this work is to review studies on the development of environmental research on the Baltic Sea region in this millennium. In this century, the environmental problems of the Baltic Sea region have attracted the attention of many researchers. The Baltic Sea is one of the most affected seas in the world. Anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries, combined with the impact of climate change have led to high levels of pollution and eutrophication. Over the years, new aspects of environmental problems, including contamination from dumped munitions and microplastic pollution, pharmaceutical waste and the spread of non-indigenous species, have become matters of great interest for researchers. The findings of this report show that most of the earlier studies focused on pollution, eutrophication and climate change, in different combinations.
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